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Usually a ceiling is just a nice covering of the bottom of the next floor up. A drop ceiling, however, is lower than the bottom of the upper floor.
There are different reasons for making a drop ceiling. Some people put one in the basement so it's below the pipes, ducts, etc. Others may have a 10' ceiling in an old house and want to drop it down. It's very common in a bathroom to put in a drop ceiling if the house is built with a 10' ceiling.
To drop the height of a ceiling down, follow this procedure. Nail 2x4's as a ribbon around the perimeter walls, nailed into the studs. The bottom of the 2x4's—plus any drywall or other finishing material—would be the new height of your ceiling.
Go to the longer dimension wall, the wall along the length of the room, and layout on the ribbon on each long wall, 2x4's spaced apart by 16 inches on center (O.C.), so the 2x4's span across the width of the room. You can use joist hangers here but only nail them on one side for now. Don't install the 2x4's yet. Just mark on the ribbon where they will go.
Make up a double 2x4 beam ('strongback') the length of the long wall. Stagger the joints—if any—and place this strongback above and resting on the 2x4 ribbon so the strongback runs down the center of the length of the room. This strongback will go across the row of 2x4's in the center of their span.
The strongback should be on edge and supported from the original ceiling by the same wire that is designed to support a tee bar ceiling—a #9 wire. Use eye screws on the top ceiling, securely fastened to the ceiling joists. Wrap the bottom of the wire around the strongback and twist it back around the vertical section of wire. Place these wires no more than 5 feet apart. So for a 13' span, for example, have 2 wires supporting the strongback, evenly spaced from the walls.
Now, install the 2x4's going from the ribbon on one side wall to the ribbon on the opposite wall. Place one end in the joist hanger, then lift the other end up and place it against the ribbon on the opposite wall, not resting on top of it. Toe nail these 2x4's into the ribbon, then place and nail the joist hanger around it. After all the cross members are nailed in place with their joist hangers in position, install a hanger intended for such an application on each 2x4 cross member where it meets the strongback. Simpson Strong-Tie makes one, the RTB 22. (see it on Amazon.com)
